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Research Papers: Lubricants

# Specimen Thickness Dependency of Energy Release Rate of a Gelatin Hydrogel and Glass Substrate Interface

[+] Author and Article Information
Avinash A. Thakre

Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology,
Nagpur 440010, Maharashtra, India
e-mail: avinashathakre@gmail.com

Arun K. Singh

Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology,
Nagpur 440010, Maharashtra, India

1Corresponding author.

Contributed by the Tribology Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY. Manuscript received January 10, 2018; final manuscript received August 30, 2018; published online October 11, 2018. Assoc. Editor: Min Zou.

J. Tribol 141(2), 021801 (Oct 11, 2018) (7 pages) Paper No: TRIB-18-1015; doi: 10.1115/1.4041364 History: Received January 10, 2018; Revised August 30, 2018

## Abstract

Soft solids, such as rubbers, elastomers, and gels, are the important polymeric materials. A better understanding of their interfacial properties such as friction and adhesion is critical for variety of technological applications. Motivated by the experimental observation that interfacial properties can be modified even without changing the content of a soft solid, the effect of specimen thickness on the energy release rate $(G)$ of a soft gelatin hydrogel is investigated in direct shear test. Slide-hold-slide (SHS) experiments have shown that shear strength decreases, while corresponding crack length increases, with increase in thickness of gel specimens. However, $G$ at static, dynamic and residual strengths increase with specimen thickness. At the end, these observations are explained in light of mixed mode I/II fracture and shear rate effects at the sliding interface.

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## Figures

Fig. 1

A schematic sketch of the direct shear test conducted on the gel block and fixed glass plate for at a constant velocity (v0)

Fig. 2

A typical experimental plot showing the variation of frictional shear stress versus time during a cycle of SHS test in steady sliding regime

Fig. 3

Variation of (a) frictional shear stress versus time and (b) interfacial crack length versus time for varying gel thickness in the SHS experiments

Fig. 4

Variation of energy release rate versus time (a) for different pulling velocity of the hydrogel block of fixed thickness 12 mm and (b) for different thicknesses at 2 mm/s pulling velocity

Fig. 5

Variation of (a) work of rupture, (b) work of steady sliding, and (c) work of adhesion versus pulling velocity for varying gel thicknesses

Fig. 6

Variation of (a) static, (b) dynamic, and (c) residual shear strengths versus normalized shear velocity for varying gel thicknesses

Fig. 7

Variation of interfacial cracklengths corresponding to the (a) static, (b) dynamic, and (c) residual shear strengths with normalized shear velocity

Fig. 8

Variation of (a) work of rupture, (b) work of steady sliding, and (c) work of adhesion as function of normalized shear velocity

Fig. 9

Variation of energy release rate due to bending and shear versus time for (a) different gel thicknesses at 2 mm/s pulling velocity, (b) different pulling velocity for 6 mm gel thickness, (c) different pulling velocity for 9 mm gel thickness, and (d) different pulling velocity for 12 mm gel thickness

## Errata

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