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Journal of Tribology | Volume 141 | Issue 3 | research-article
Research Papers: Friction and Wear

The Influence of Thermal Oxidation Parameters on Structural, Friction, and Wear Characteristics of Oxide Layers Produced on the Surface of Ti–6Al–7Nb Alloy

[+] Author and Article Information
Krzysztof Aniołek

Faculty of Computer Science and Materials
Science,
Institute of Materials Science,
University of Silesia,
ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A,
Chorzów 41-500, Poland
e-mail: krzysztof.aniolek@us.edu.pl

Adrian Barylski, Marian Kupka, Joanna Tylka

Faculty of Computer Science and Materials
Science,
Institute of Materials Science,
University of Silesia,
ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A,
Chorzów 41-500, Poland

1Corresponding author.

Contributed by the Tribology Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY. Manuscript received April 18, 2018; final manuscript received October 23, 2018; published online December 6, 2018. Assoc. Editor: Satish V. Kailas.

J. Tribol 141(3), 031605 (Dec 06, 2018) (9 pages) Paper No: TRIB-18-1160; doi: 10.1115/1.4042001 History: Received April 18, 2018; Revised October 23, 2018
Article
References
Figures
Tables

The effects of thermal oxidation of a biomedical titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–7Nb) on its morphology, structure, mechanical properties, and sliding friction and wear against alumina were investigated. It was found that at 600 °C, the surface of the alloy was characterized with a thin inhomogeneous oxide scale. Increasing the temperature of oxidation to 700 °C and 800 °C allowed obtaining homogeneous layers, which fully covered the examined surfaces. By contrast, the oxide scale obtained at 800 °C was composed of big oxide particles with a developed surface. Thermal oxidation process allows a fourfold increase in the hardness of Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy. It was shown that the oxide scale on the examined alloy efficiently enhances its resistance to sliding wear against alumina.
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Figures

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Fig. 1

Surface morphology of the oxide layer after treatment at 600 °C

+Surface morphology of the oxide layer after treatment at 600 °C
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Surface morphology of the oxide layer after treatment at 600 °C
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Fig. 2

Surface morphology of the oxide layer after treatment at 700 °C

+Surface morphology of the oxide layer after treatment at 700 °C
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Surface morphology of the oxide layer after treatment at 700 °C
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Fig. 3

Surface morphology of the oxide layer after treatment at 800 °C

+Surface morphology of the oxide layer after treatment at 800 °C
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Surface morphology of the oxide layer after treatment at 800 °C
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Fig. 4

Cross-sectional images of the oxide layers obtained on Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy as a result of oxidation at 700 °C (a) and 800 °C (b) for 72 h (SEM)

+Cross-sectional images of the oxide layers obtained on Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy as a result of oxidation at 700 °C (a) and 800 °C (b) for 72 h (SEM)
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Cross-sectional images of the oxide layers obtained on Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy as a result of oxidation at 700 °C (a) and 800 °C (b) for 72 h (SEM)
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Fig. 5

Hardness of Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy surface depending on oxidation temperature and load

+Hardness of Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy surface depending on oxidation temperature and load
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Hardness of Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy surface depending on oxidation temperature and load
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Fig. 6

Linear wear of the interacting tribological couple

+Linear wear of the interacting tribological couple
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Linear wear of the interacting tribological couple
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Fig. 7

Volumetric wear of the disk after tribological tests

+Volumetric wear of the disk after tribological tests
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Volumetric wear of the disk after tribological tests
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Fig. 8

Volumetric wear of Al2O3 balls after tribological tests

+Volumetric wear of Al2O3 balls after tribological tests
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Volumetric wear of Al2O3 balls after tribological tests
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Fig. 9

The course of changes in the coefficient of friction recorded during a tribological interaction of an Al2O3 ball with the surface of nonoxidized and oxidized Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy at temperatures of 600, 700, and 800 °C

+The course of changes in the coefficient of friction recorded during a tribological interaction of an Al2O3 ball with the surface of nonoxidized and oxidized Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy at temperatures of 600, 700, and 800 °C
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The course of changes in the coefficient of friction recorded during a tribological interaction of an Al2O3 ball with the surface of nonoxidized and oxidized Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy at temperatures of 600, 700, and 800 °C
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Fig. 10

Measurement results of the friction coefficient obtained in tribological tests

+Measurement results of the friction coefficient obtained in tribological tests
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Measurement results of the friction coefficient obtained in tribological tests
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Fig. 11

Isometric images (3D) of wear traces on a nonoxidized surface (a) and surface oxidized at temperatures (b) 600 °C, (c) 700 °C, and (d) 800 °C of the Ti–6Al–7Nb disk

+Isometric images (3D) of wear traces on a nonoxidized surface (a) and surface oxidized at temperatures (b) 600 °C, (c) 700 °C, and (d) 800 °C of the Ti–6Al–7Nb disk
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Isometric images (3D) of wear traces on a nonoxidized surface (a) and surface oxidized at temperatures (b) 600 °C, (c) 700 °C, and (d) 800 °C of the Ti–6Al–7Nb disk
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Fig. 12

Isometric (3D) images of the working surface of Al2O3 balls after contact with: (a) nonoxidized surface and surface oxidized at temperatures, (b) 600 °C, (c) 700 °C, and (d) 800 °C

+Isometric (3D) images of the working surface of Al2O3 balls after contact with: (a) nonoxidized surface and surface oxidized at temperatures, (b) 600 °C, (c) 700 °C, and (d) 800 °C
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Isometric (3D) images of the working surface of Al2O3 balls after contact with: (a) nonoxidized surface and surface oxidized at temperatures, (b) 600 °C, (c) 700 °C, and (d) 800 °C
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Fig. 13

SEM micrograph of wear traces formed on the untreated Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy along with the EDS analysis area

+SEM micrograph of wear traces formed on the untreated Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy along with the EDS analysis area
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SEM micrograph of wear traces formed on the untreated Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy along with the EDS analysis area
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Fig. 14

SEM micrograph of wear traces formed on the Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy oxidized at 600 °C/72 h along with the EDS analysis area

+SEM micrograph of wear traces formed on the Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy oxidized at 600 °C/72 h along with the EDS analysis area
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SEM micrograph of wear traces formed on the Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy oxidized at 600 °C/72 h along with the EDS analysis area
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Fig. 15

SEM micrograph of wear traces formed on the Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy oxidized at 700 °C/72 h along with the EDS analysis area

+SEM micrograph of wear traces formed on the Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy oxidized at 700 °C/72 h along with the EDS analysis area
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SEM micrograph of wear traces formed on the Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy oxidized at 700 °C/72 h along with the EDS analysis area
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 16

SEM micrograph of wear traces formed on the Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy oxidized at 800 °C/72 h along with the EDS analysis area

+SEM micrograph of wear traces formed on the Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy oxidized at 800 °C/72 h along with the EDS analysis area
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
SEM micrograph of wear traces formed on the Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy oxidized at 800 °C/72 h along with the EDS analysis area

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