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Journal of Tribology | Volume 130 | Issue 3 | Research Paper
Research Papers: Other (Seals, Manufacturing)

Numerical Model of a Tandem Reciprocating Hydraulic Rod Seal

[+] Author and Article Information
Bo Yang, Richard F. Salant

George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0405

J. Tribol 130(3), 032201 (Jun 20, 2008) (7 pages) doi:10.1115/1.2908924 History: Received September 11, 2007; Revised February 14, 2008; Published June 20, 2008
Article
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A numerical model of a tandem reciprocating hydraulic rod seal, consisting of two elastomeric U cup seals, has been constructed. It is applicable to cases in which the stroke length is significantly larger than the seal width. The model consists of coupled steady state fluid mechanics, deformation mechanics, and contact mechanics analyses, with an iterative computational procedure. The behaviors of the two seals are coupled through the pressure∕density in the interseal region and through flow continuity. Results for a typical tandem seal are compared to those of a single seal and a double lip seal.
Copyright © 2008 by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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References

1
Ishiwata, H., and Kambayashi, H., 1964, “A Study of Oil Seal for Reciprocating Motion,” "Proceedings of the Second BHRA International Conference on Fluid Sealing", Vol. B3 .
2
O’Donogue, J. P., and Lawrie, J. M., 1964, “The Mechanism of Lubrication in a Reciprocating Seal,” "Proceedings of the Second BHRA International Conference on Fluid Sealing", Vol. B6 .
3
Field, G. J., and Nau, B. S., 1974, “A Theoretical Study of the Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Reciprocating Rubber Seals,” ASLE Trans.  [CrossRef], 18 , pp. 48–54.
4
Ruskell, L. E. C., 1980, “A Rapidly Converging Theoretical Solution to the Elastohydrodynamic Problem for Rectangular Rubber Seals,” Ind. Robot, 22 , pp. 9–16.
5
Yang, Y., and Hughes, W. F., 1983, “An Elastohydrodynamic Analysis of Preloaded Sliding Seals,” ASLE Trans.  [CrossRef], 27 , pp. 197–202.
6
Prati, E., and Strozzi, A., 1984, “A Study of the Elastohydrodynamic Problem in Rectangular Elastomeric Seals,” ASME J. Tribol., 106 (4), pp. 505–512.
7
Müller, H. K., and Nau, B. S., 1998, "Fluid Sealing Technology", Dekker, New York.
8
Hirano, F., and Kaneta, M., 1971, “Theoretical Investigation of Friction and Sealing Characteristics of Flexible Seals for Reciprocating Motion,” "Proceedings of the Fifth BHRA International Conference on Fluid Sealing", Vol. G2 .
9
Kanters, A. F. C., Verest, J. F. M., and Visscher, M., 1990, “On Reciprocating Elastomeric Seals: Calculation of Film Thicknesses Using the Inverse Hydrodynamic Lubrication Theory,” Tribol. Trans.  [CrossRef], 33 , pp. 301–306.
10
Field, G. J., and Nau, B. S., 1973, “Film Thickness and Friction Measurements During Reciprocation of a Rectangular Section Rubber Seal Ring,” "Proceedings of the Sixth BHRA International Conference on Fluid Sealing", Vol. C5 .
11
Kawahara, Y., Ohtake, Y., and Hirabayashi, H., 1981, “Oil Film Formation of Oil Seals for Reciprocating Motion,” "Proceedings of the Ninth BHRA International Conference on Fluid Sealing", Vol. C2 .
12
Kanters, A. F. C., and Visscher, M., 1988, “Lubrication of Reciprocating Seals: Experiments on the Influence of Surface Roughness on Friction and Leakage,” "Proceedings of the 15th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology", pp. 69–77.
13
Nikas, G. K., 2003, “Elastohydrodynamics and Mechanics of Rectangular Elastomeric Seals for Reciprocating Piston Rods,” ASME J. Tribol.  [CrossRef], 125 , pp. 60–69.
14
Nikas, G. K., 2003, “Transient Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Rectangular Elastomeric Seals for Linear Hydraulic Actuators,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part J: J. Eng. Tribol.  [CrossRef], 217 , pp. 461–473.
15
Nikas, G. K., and Sayles, R. S., 2004, “Nonlinear Elasticity of Rectangular Elastomeric Seals and its Effect on Elastohydrodynamic Numerical Analysis,” Tribol. Int.  [CrossRef], 37 , pp. 651–660.
16
Salant, R. F., Maser, N., and Yang, B., 2007, “Numerical Model of a Reciprocating Hydraulic Rod Seal,” ASME J. Tribol.  [CrossRef], 129 , pp. 91–97.
17
Yang, B., and Salant, R. F., 2008, “Numerical Model of a Reciprocating Rod Seal With a Secondary Lip,” Tribol. Trans.  [CrossRef], 51 , pp. 119–127.
18
Greenwood, J. A., and Williamson, J. B. P., 1966, “Contact of Nominally Flat Rough Surfaces,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A  [CrossRef], A295 , pp. 300–319.

Figures

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+Schematic of tandem seal
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Schematic of tandem seal
Figure 1

Schematic of tandem seal

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+Sealing zone
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Sealing zone
Figure 2

Sealing zone

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+Computational procedure
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Computational procedure
Figure 3

Computational procedure

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+Fluid transport versus roughness, tandem seal
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Fluid transport versus roughness, tandem seal
Figure 4

Fluid transport versus roughness, tandem seal

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+Fluid transport versus roughness, double lip seal
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Fluid transport versus roughness, double lip seal
Figure 5

Fluid transport versus roughness, double lip seal

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+Fluid transport versus roughness, single lip seal
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Fluid transport versus roughness, single lip seal
Figure 6

Fluid transport versus roughness, single lip seal

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+Inter-seal pressure versus roughness
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Inter-seal pressure versus roughness
Figure 7

Inter-seal pressure versus roughness

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+Deformed seal shapes, 0.3μm roughness
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Deformed seal shapes, 0.3μm roughness
Figure 8

Deformed seal shapes, 0.3μm roughness

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+Friction force versus roughness, tandem seal
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Friction force versus roughness, tandem seal
Figure 9

Friction force versus roughness, tandem seal

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+Friction force versus roughness, double lip seal
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Friction force versus roughness, double lip seal
Figure 10

Friction force versus roughness, double lip seal

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+Friction force versus roughness, single lip seal
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Friction force versus roughness, single lip seal
Figure 11

Friction force versus roughness, single lip seal

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+Film thickness distributions, inner seal, 0.3μm roughness
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Film thickness distributions, inner seal, 0.3μm roughness
Figure 12

Film thickness distributions, inner seal, 0.3μm roughness

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+Film thickness distributions, inner seal, 0.8μm roughness
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Film thickness distributions, inner seal, 0.8μm roughness
Figure 13

Film thickness distributions, inner seal, 0.8μm roughness

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+Pressure distributions, outstroke, inner seal, 0.3μm roughness
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Pressure distributions, outstroke, inner seal, 0.3μm roughness
Figure 14

Pressure distributions, outstroke, inner seal, 0.3μm roughness

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+Pressure distributions, instroke, inner seal, 0.3μm roughness
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Pressure distributions, instroke, inner seal, 0.3μm roughness
Figure 15

Pressure distributions, instroke, inner seal, 0.3μm roughness

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+Pressure distributions, outstroke, inner seal, 0.8μm roughness
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Pressure distributions, outstroke, inner seal, 0.8μm roughness
Figure 16

Pressure distributions, outstroke, inner seal, 0.8μm roughness

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+Pressure distributions, instroke, inner seal, 0.8μm roughness
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Pressure distributions, instroke, inner seal, 0.8μm roughness
Figure 17

Pressure distributions, instroke, inner seal, 0.8μm roughness

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+Film thickness distributions, outer seal, 0.3μm roughness
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Film thickness distributions, outer seal, 0.3μm roughness
Figure 18

Film thickness distributions, outer seal, 0.3μm roughness

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+Film thickness distributions, outer seal, 0.8μm roughness
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Film thickness distributions, outer seal, 0.8μm roughness
Figure 19

Film thickness distributions, outer seal, 0.8μm roughness

Grahic Jump Location
+Pressure distributions, outstroke, outer seal, 0.3μm roughness
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Pressure distributions, outstroke, outer seal, 0.3μm roughness
Figure 20

Pressure distributions, outstroke, outer seal, 0.3μm roughness

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+Pressure distributions, instroke, outer seal, 0.3μm roughness
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Pressure distributions, instroke, outer seal, 0.3μm roughness
Figure 21

Pressure distributions, instroke, outer seal, 0.3μm roughness

Grahic Jump Location
+Pressure distributions, outstroke, outer seal, 0.8μm roughness
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Pressure distributions, outstroke, outer seal, 0.8μm roughness
Figure 22

Pressure distributions, outstroke, outer seal, 0.8μm roughness

Grahic Jump Location
+Pressure distributions, instroke, outer seal, 0.8μm roughness
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Pressure distributions, instroke, outer seal, 0.8μm roughness
Figure 23

Pressure distributions, instroke, outer seal, 0.8μm roughness

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