Abstract
Global concerns about CO2 levels in the atmosphere, energy security, and the depletion of fossil fuel supply have been the key motivation to develop bio-based fuel resources, which leads to promising and potential strategies of renewable and carbon-neutral biofuels. Among biofuels being strongly developed, 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) is a new alternative biofuel candidate since DMF could be synthesized from available and durable lignocellulosic biomass, as well as DMF's physicochemical properties were found to be similar to those of fossil fuels. Therefore, the comprehensive investigation on DMF is very essential before putting DMF into the commercial scale and the engine application. In this current work, the temporal evolutions of laminar flame characteristics including laminar burning velocities, unstretched flame propagation speed, and Schlieren images were critically reviewed based on the comparison of DMF with other fuels. Besides, flame instabilities were also evaluated in detail. Finally, ignition delay times were thoroughly analyzed with the variation of the initial parameters such as temperature, pressure, and equivalent ratio, suggesting that DMF could become the potential fuel for the spark ignition engine. In the future, the experimental studies on the real engines fueled with DMF should be carefully and completely performed to have a comprehensive evaluation of this promising biofuel class.
References
1.
Statistics
, I. E. A.
, 2014
, “Key World Energy Statistics
,” Int. Energy Agency Paris, Fr.
2.
Pachauri
, R. K.
, Gomez-Echeverri
, L.
, and Riahi
, K.
, 2014
, Synthesis Report: Summary for Policy Makers
, Cambridge University Press
, Cambridge
.3.
Nižetić
, S.
, Djilali
, N.
, Papadopoulos
, A.
, and Rodrigues
, J. J. P. C.
, 2019
, “Smart Technologies for Promotion of Energy Efficiency, Utilization of Sustainable Resources and Waste Management
,” J. Clean. Prod.
, 231
, pp. 565
–591
. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.3974.
Eldeeb
, M. A.
, and Akih-Kumgeh
, B.
, 2018
, “Recent Trends in the Production, Combustion and Modeling of Furan-Based Fuels
,” Energies
, 11
(3
), p. 512
. 10.3390/en110305125.
Nguyen
, H. P.
, Hoang
, A. T.
, Nizetic
, S.
, Nguyen
, X. P.
, Le
, A. T.
, Luong
, C. N.
, Chu
, V. D.
, and Pham
, V. V.
, 2020
, “The Electric Propulsion System as a Green Solution for Management Strategy of CO2 Emission in Ocean Shipping: A Comprehensive Review
,” Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst.
, p. e12580
.6.
Hoang
, A. T.
, Tabatabaei
, M.
, Aghbashlo
, M.
, Carlucci
, A. P.
, Ölçer
, A. I.
, Le
, A. T.
, and Ghassemi
, A.
, 2021
, “Rice Bran Oil-Based Biodiesel as a Promising Renewable Fuel Alternative to Petrodiesel: A Review
,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.
, 135
, p. 110204
. 10.1016/j.rser.2020.1102047.
Hoang
, A. T.
, 2018
, “Prediction of the Density and Viscosity of Biodiesel and the Influence of Biodiesel Properties on a Diesel Engine Fuel Supply System
,” J. Mar. Eng. Technol.
10.1080/20464177.2018.15327348.
Demirbas
, A.
, 2017
, “Tomorrow’s Biofuels: Goals and Hopes
,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff.
, 39
(7
), pp. 673
–679
. 10.1080/15567036.2016.12528159.
Hahn-Hägerdal
, B.
, Galbe
, M.
, Gorwa-Grauslund
, M.-F.
, Lidén
, G.
, and Zacchi
, G.
, 2006
, “Bio-Ethanol—The Fuel of Tomorrow From the Residues of Today
,” Trends Biotechnol.
, 24
(12
), pp. 549
–556
. 10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.10.00410.
Patel
, A.
, Agrawal
, B.
, and Rawal
, B. R.
, 2020
, “Pyrolysis of Biomass for Efficient Extraction of Biofuel
,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff.
, 42
(13
), pp. 1649
–1661
. 10.1080/15567036.2019.160487511.
Nguyen
, D. C.
, Anh Tuan
, H.
, Quang Vinh
, T.
, Hadiyanto
, H.
, Wattanavichien
, K.
, and Pham
, V. V.
, 2021
, “A Review on the Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of SI Engine Fueled With 2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF) Compared to Ethanol and Gasoline
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 143
(4
), p. 040801
. 10.1115/1.404822812.
Hoang
, A. T.
, Le
, A. T.
, and Pham
, V. V.
, 2019
, “A Core Correlation of Spray Characteristics, Deposit Formation, and Combustion of a High-Speed Diesel Engine Fueled With Jatropha Oil and Diesel Fuel
,” Fuel
, 244
, pp. 159
–175
. 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.02.00913.
Prasad
, K. S.
, Rao
, S. S.
, and Raju
, V. R. K.
, 2019
, “Performance and Emission Characteristics of a DI-CI Engine Operated With n-Butanol/Diesel Blends
,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff.
, pp. 1
–12
.14.
Le
, A. T.
, Quoc
, T. D.
, Tam
, T. T.
, Tuan
, H. A.
, and Van Viet
, P.
, 2020
, “Performance and Combustion Characteristics of a Retrofitted CNG Engine Under Various Piston-Top Shapes and Compression Ratios
,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff.
10.1080/15567036.2019.168561115.
Hoang
, A. T.
, Nižetić
, S.
, and Ölçer
, A. I.
, 2020
, “2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF) as a Promising Biofuel for the Spark Ignition Engine Application: A Comparative Analysis and Review
,” Fuel.
16.
Sundaram
, M.
, Balan
, K. N.
, Arunkumar
, T.
, Ganesan
, S.
, and Rameshbabu
, A.
, 2019
, “Emission Study on the Outcome of DMC on Neem Bio-Diesel-Ignited Diesel Engine
,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff.
, pp. 1
–10
. 10.1080/15567036.2019.169168317.
Prabakaran
, B.
, Vijayabalan
, P.
, and Balachandar
, M.
, 2019
, “An Assessment of Diesel Ethanol Blend Fueled Diesel Engine Characteristics Using Butanol as Cosolvent for Optimum Operating Parameters
,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff.
10.1080/15567036.2019.167991918.
Varol
, Y.
, Öner
, C.
, Öztop
, H. F.
, and Altun
, Ş
, 2014
, “Comparison of Methanol, Ethanol, or n-Butanol Blending With Unleaded Gasoline on Exhaust Emissions of an SI Engine
,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff.
, 36
(9
), pp. 938
–948
. 10.1080/15567036.2011.57214119.
Rodríguez-Antón
, L. M.
, Gutíerrez-Martín
, F.
, and Doce
, Y.
, 2016
, “Physical Properties of Gasoline, Isobutanol and ETBE Binary Blends in Comparison With Gasoline Ethanol Blends
,” Fuel
, 166
, pp. 73
–78
. 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.10.10620.
Ullah
, K.
, Sharma
, V. K.
, Ahmad
, M.
, Lv
, P.
, Krahl
, J.
, and Wang
, Z.
, 2018
, “The Insight Views of Advanced Technologies and Its Application in Bio-Origin Fuel Synthesis From Lignocellulose Biomasses Waste, a Review
,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.
, 82
, pp. 3992
–4008
. 10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.07421.
Saha
, B.
, and Abu-Omar
, M. M.
, 2015
, “Current Technologies, Economics, and Perspectives for 2, 5-Dimethylfuran Production From Biomass-Derived Intermediates
,” ChemSusChem
, 8
(7
), pp. 1133
–1142
. 10.1002/cssc.20140332922.
An
, H.
, Yang
, W. M.
, Maghbouli
, A.
, Chou
, S. K.
, and Chua
, K. J.
, 2013
, “Detailed Physical Properties Prediction of Pure Methyl Esters for Biodiesel Combustion Modeling
,” Appl. Energy
, 102
, pp. 647
–656
. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.08.00923.
Hoang
, A. T.
, and Nguyen
, D. C.
, 2018
, “Properties of DMF-Fossil Gasoline RON95 Blends in the Consideration as the Alternative Fuel
,” Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.
, 8
(6
), pp. 2555
–2560
. 10.18517/ijaseit.8.6.721424.
Dutta
, S.
, 2012
, “Deoxygenation of Biomass-Derived Feedstocks: Hurdles and Opportunities
,” ChemSusChem
, 5
(11
), pp. 2125
–2127
. 10.1002/cssc.20120059625.
Hu
, L.
, Jiang
, Y.
, Xu
, J.
, He
, A.
, Wu
, Z.
, and Xu
, J.
, 2020
, “Chemocatalytic Pathways for High-Efficiency Production of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran From Biomass-Derived 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural,” Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals
, Elsevier
, New York
, pp. 377
–394
.26.
Hoang
, A. T.
, Tran
, Q. V.
, Al-Tawaha
, A. R. M. S.
, Pham
, V. V.
, and Nguyen
, X. P.
, 2019
, “Comparative Analysis on Performance and Emission Characteristics of an In-Vietnam Popular 4-Stroke Motorcycle Engine Running on Biogasoline and Mineral Gasoline
,” Renew. Energy Focus
, 28
, pp. 47
–55
. 10.1016/j.ref.2018.11.00127.
Wang
, H.
, Zhu
, C.
, Li
, D.
, Liu
, Q.
, Tan
, J.
, Wang
, C.
, Cai
, C.
, and Ma
, L.
, 2019
, “Recent Advances in Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and 2, 5-Dimethylfuran
,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.
, 103
, pp. 227
–247
. 10.1016/j.rser.2018.12.01028.
Qian
, Y.
, Zhu
, L.
, Wang
, Y.
, and Lu
, X.
, 2015
, “Recent Progress in the Development of Biofuel 2, 5-Dimethylfuran
,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.
, 41
, pp. 633
–646
. 10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.08529.
Zhong
, S.
, Daniel
, R.
, Xu
, H.
, Zhang
, J.
, Turner
, D.
, Wyszynski
, M. L.
, and Richards
, P.
, 2010
, “Combustion and Emissions of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran in a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine
,” Energy Fuels
, 24
(5
), pp. 2891
–2899
. 10.1021/ef901575a30.
Cheng
, Z.
, Xing
, L.
, Zeng
, M.
, Dong
, W.
, Zhang
, F.
, Qi
, F.
, and Li
, Y.
, 2014
, “Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran Pyrolysis at Various Pressures
,” Combust. Flame
, 161
(10
), pp. 2496
–2511
. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.03.02231.
Sirjean
, B.
, Fournet
, R.
, Glaude
, P.-A.
, Battin-Leclerc
, F.
, Wang
, W.
, and Oehlschlaeger
, M. A.
, 2013
, “Shock Tube and Chemical Kinetic Modeling Study of the Oxidation of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran
,” J. Phys. Chem. A
, 117
(7
), pp. 1371
–1392
. 10.1021/jp308901q32.
Somers
, K. P.
, Simmie
, J. M.
, Gillespie
, F.
, Conroy
, C.
, Black
, G.
, Metcalfe
, W. K.
, Battin-Leclerc
, F.
, Dirrenberger
, P.
, Herbinet
, O.
, Glaude
, P.-A.
, Dagaut
, P.
, Togbé
, C.
, Yasunaga
, K.
, Fernandes
, R. X.
, Lee
, C.
, Tripathi
, R.
, and Curran
, H. J.
, 2013
, “A Comprehensive Experimental and Detailed Chemical Kinetic Modelling Study of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran Pyrolysis and Oxidation
,” Combust. Flame
, 160
(11
), pp. 2291
–2318
. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.06.00733.
Rothamer
, D. A.
, and Jennings
, J. H.
, 2012
, “Study of the Knocking Propensity of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran–Gasoline and Ethanol–Gasoline Blends
,” Fuel
, 98
, pp. 203
–212
. 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.03.04934.
Daniel
, R.
, Xu
, H.
, Wang
, C.
, Richardson
, D.
, and Shuai
, S.
, 2012
, “Combustion Performance of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran Blends Using Dual-Injection Compared to Direct-Injection in a SI Engine
,” Appl. Energy
, 98
, pp. 59
–68
. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.07335.
Lifshitz
, A.
, Tamburu
, C.
, and Shashua
, R.
, 1998
, “Thermal Decomposition of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran. Experimental Results and Computer Modeling
,” J. Phys. Chem. A
, 102
(52
), pp. 10655
–10670
. 10.1021/jp982772b36.
Togbé
, C.
, Tran
, L.-S.
, Liu
, D.
, Felsmann
, D.
, Oßwald
, P.
, Glaude
, P.-A.
, Sirjean
, B.
, Fournet
, R.
, Battin-Leclerc
, F.
, and Kohse-Höinghaus
, K.
, 2014
, “Combustion Chemistry and Flame Structure of Furan Group Biofuels Using Molecular-Beam Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography—Part III: 2, 5-Dimethylfuran
,” Combust. Flame
, 161
(3
), pp. 780
–797
. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.05.02637.
Somers
, K. P.
, Simmie
J.M.
, Gillespie
F.
, Burke
U.
, Connolly
J.
, Metcalfe
W.K.
, Battin-Leclerc
F.
, Dirrenberger
P.
, Herbinet
O.
, Glaude
P.-A.
, Curran
H.J.
, 2013
, “A High Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure Experimental and Detailed Chemical Kinetic Modelling Study of 2-Methyl Furan Oxidation
,” Proc. Combust. Inst.
, 34
(1
), pp. 225
–232
. 10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.11338.
Sahu
, A. B.
, Markendaya
, S.
, Badhuk
, P.
, and Ravikrishna
, R. V.
, 2020
, “Experiments and Kinetic Modelling of Diffusion Flame Extinction of 2-Methylfuran, 2, 5-Dimethylfuran and Binary Mixtures with Isooctane
,” Energy Fuels
, 34
(2
), pp. 2293
–2303
. 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b0337539.
Wu
, X.
, Huang
, Z.
, Jin
, C.
, Wang
, X.
, Zheng
, B.
, Zhang
, Y.
, and Wei
, L.
, 2009
, “Measurements of Laminar Burning Velocities and Markstein Lengths of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran−air−Diluent Premixed Flames
,” Energy Fuels
, 23
(9
), pp. 4355
–4362
. 10.1021/ef900454v40.
Tian
, G.
, Daniel
, R.
, Li
, H.
, Xu
, H.
, Shuai
, S.
, and Richards
, P.
, 2010
, “Laminar Burning Velocities of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran Compared With Ethanol and Gasoline
,” Energy Fuels
, 24
(7
), pp. 3898
–3905
. 10.1021/ef100452c41.
Wu
, X.
, Huang
, Z.
, Jin
, C.
, Wang
, X.
, and Wei
, L.
, 2010
, “Laminar Burning Velocities and Markstein Lengths of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran-Air Premixed Flames at Elevated Temperatures
,” Combust. Sci. Technol.
, 183
(3
), pp. 220
–237
. 10.1080/00102202.2010.51603742.
Li
, Q.
, Fu
, J.
, Wu
, X.
, Tang
, C.
, and Huang
, Z.
, 2012
, “Laminar Flame Speeds of DMF/Iso-Octane-Air-N2/CO2 Mixtures
,” Energy Fuels
, 26
(2
), pp. 917
–925
. 10.1021/ef201638w43.
Wu
, X.
, Li
, Q.
, Fu
, J.
, Tang
, C.
, Huang
, Z.
, Daniel
, R.
, Tian
, G.
, and Xu
, H.
, 2012
, “Laminar Burning Characteristics of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran and Iso-Octane Blend at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures
,” Fuel
, 95
, pp. 234
–240
. 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.11.05744.
Bhattacharya
, A.
, and Datta
, A.
, 2019
, “Effects of Blending 2, 5-Dimethylfuran on the Laminar Burning Velocity and Ignition Delay Time of Isooctane/Air Mixture
,” Combust. Theory Model.
, 23
(1
), pp. 105
–126
. 10.1080/13647830.2018.149215345.
Tanaka
, K.
, Isobe
, N.
, Sato
, K.
, Okada
, R.
, Okada
, H.
, Fujisawa
, Y.
, and Konno
, M.
, 2016
, “Ignition Characteristics of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran Compared With Gasoline and Ethanol
,” SAE Int. J. Engines
, 9
(1
), pp. 39
–46
. 10.4271/2015-01-180646.
Xu
, N.
, Wu
, Y.
, Tang
, C.
, Zhang
, P.
, He
, X.
, Wang
, Z.
, and Huang
, Z.
, 2016
, “Experimental Study of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran and 2-Methylfuran in a Rapid Compression Machine: Comparison of the Ignition Delay Times and Reactivity at Low to Intermediate Temperature
,” Combust. Flame
, 168
, pp. 216
–227
. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.03.01647.
Eldeeb
, M. A.
, and Akih-Kumgeh
, B.
, 2015
, “High-Temperature Auto-Ignition Studies of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran, 2-Ethyl Furan, and Iso-Octane
,” 9th US National Combustion Meeting
, Cincinnati, OH
, May 17–20
.48.
Eldeeb
, M. A.
, and Akih-Kumgeh
, B.
, 2015
, “Investigation of 2, 5-Dimethyl Furan and Iso-Octane Ignition
,” Combust. Flame
, 162
(6
), pp. 2454
–2465
. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.02.01349.
Nicolas
, G.
, and Metghalchi
, H.
, 2015
, “Comparison Between RCCE and Shock Tube Ignition Delay Times at Low Temperatures
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 137
(6
), p. 062203
. 10.1115/1.403049350.
Yu
, G.
, Hadi
, F.
, and Metghalchi
, H.
, 2019
, “Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium Application in Shock Tube Ignition Delay Time Simulation
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 141
(2
), p. 020801
. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.404128851.
Gao
, Z.
, Hu
, E.
, Xu
, Z.
, Yin
, G.
, and Huang
, Z.
, 2019
, “Effect of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran Addition on Ignition Delay Times of n-Heptane at High Temperatures
,” Front. Energy
, 13
(3
), pp. 464
–473
. 10.1007/s11708-019-0609-z52.
Tian
, Z.
, Li
, J.
, and Yan
, Y.
, 2019
, “A Reduced Mechanism for 2, 5-Dimetylfuran With Assembled Mechanism Reduction Methods
,” Fuel
, 250
, pp. 52
–64
. 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.03.15453.
Law
, C. K.
, 2010
, Combustion Physics
, Cambridge University Press
, Cambridge, UK
.54.
Xu
, N.
, Gong
, J.
, and Huang
, Z.
, 2016
, “Review on the Production Methods and Fundamental Combustion Characteristics of Furan Derivatives
,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.
, 54
, pp. 1189
–1211
. 10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.11855.
Rokni
, E.
, Moghaddas
, A.
, Askari
, O.
, and Metghalchi
, H.
, 2015
, “Measurement of Laminar Burning Speeds and Investigation of Flame Stability of Acetylene (C2H2)/Air Mixtures
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 137
(1
), p. 012204
. 10.1115/1.402836356.
Nicolas
, G.
, and Metghalchi
, H.
, 2016
, “Development of the Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium Method for Modeling of Ethanol Combustion
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 138
(2
), p. 022205
. 10.1115/1.403151157.
Yu
, G.
, Metghalchi
, H.
, Askari
, O.
, and Wang
, Z.
, 2019
, “Combustion Simulation of Propane/Oxygen (With Nitrogen/Argon) Mixtures Using Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 141
(2
), p. 022204
. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.404128958.
Askari
, O.
, Moghaddas
, A.
, Alholm
, A.
, Vien
, K.
, Alhazmi
, B.
, and Metghalchi
, H.
, 2016
, “Laminar Burning Speed Measurement and Flame Instability Study of H2/CO/Air Mixtures at High Temperatures and Pressures Using a Novel Multi-Shell Model
,” Combust. Flame
, 168
, pp. 20
–31
. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.03.01859.
Nilsson
, E. J. K.
, and Konnov
, A. A.
, 2013
, “Flame Studies of Oxygenates,” Cleaner Combustion
, Springer
, New York
, pp. 231
–280
.60.
Askari
, O.
, Wang
, Z.
, Vien
, K.
, Sirio
, M.
, and Metghalchi
, H.
, 2017
, “On the Flame Stability and Laminar Burning Speeds of Syngas/O2/He Premixed Flame
,” Fuel
, 190
, pp. 90
–103
. 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.04261.
Wang
, Z.
, Lu
, Z.
, Yelishala
, S. C.
, Metghalchi
, H.
, and Levendis
, Y. A.
, 2020
, “Laminar Burning Speeds and Flame Instabilities of Isobutane Carbon Dioxide Air Mixtures at High Pressures and Temperatures
,” Fuel
, 268
, p. 117410
. 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.11741062.
Wang
, Z.
, Bai
, Z.
, Yu
, G.
, Yelishala
, S.
, and Metghalchi
, H.
, 2019
, “The Critical Pressure at the Onset of Flame Instability of Syngas/Air/Diluent Outwardly Expanding Flame at Different Initial Temperatures and Pressures
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 141
(8
), p. 082207
. 10.1115/1.404272063.
Wang
, Z.
, Yelishala
, S. C.
, Yu
, G.
, Metghalchi
, H.
, and Levendis
, Y. A.
, 2019
, “Effects of Carbon Dioxide on Laminar Burning Speed and Flame Instability of Methane/Air and Propane/Air Mixtures: A Literature Review
,” Energy Fuels
, 33
(10
), pp. 9403
–9418
. 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b0234664.
Wu
, X.
, Huang
, Z.
, Wang
, X.
, Jin
, C.
, Tang
, C.
, Wei
, L.
, and Law
, C. K.
, 2011
, “Laminar Burning Velocities and Flame Instabilities of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran–Air Mixtures at Elevated Pressures
,” Combust. Flame
, 158
(3
), pp. 539
–546
. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.10.00665.
Ma
, X.
, Jiang
, C.
, Xu
, H.
, Ding
, H.
, and Shuai
, S.
, 2014
, “Laminar Burning Characteristics of 2-Methylfuran and Isooctane Blend Fuels
,” Fuel
, 116
, pp. 281
–291
. 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.08.01866.
Ma
, X.
, Jiang
, C.
, Xu
, H.
, Shuai
, S.
, and Ding
, H.
, 2013
, “Laminar Burning Characteristics of 2-Methylfuran Compared With 2, 5-Dimethylfuran and Isooctane
,” Energy Fuels
, 27
(10
), pp. 6212
–6221
. 10.1021/ef401181g67.
Galmiche
, B.
, Halter
, F.
, and Foucher
, F.
, 2012
, “Effects of High Pressure, High Temperature and Dilution on Laminar Burning Velocities and Markstein Lengths of Iso-Octane/Air Mixtures
,” Combust. Flame
, 159
(11
), pp. 3286
–3299
. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.06.00868.
Wang
, Z.
, Alswat
, M.
, Yu
, G.
, Allehaibi
, M. O.
, and Metghalchi
, H.
, 2017
, “Flame Structure and Laminar Burning Speed of Gas to Liquid Fuel Air Mixtures at Moderate Pressures and High Temperatures
,” Fuel
, 209
, pp. 529
–537
. 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.08.00969.
Han
, X.
, Wang
, Z.
, Wang
, S.
, Whiddon
, R.
, He
, Y.
, Lv
, Y.
, and Konnov
, A. A.
, 2019
, “Parametrization of the Temperature Dependence of Laminar Burning Velocity for Methane and Ethane Flames
,” Fuel
, 239
, pp. 1028
–1037
. 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.11.11870.
Konnov
, A. A.
, Mohammad
, A.
, Kishore
, V. R.
, Il Kim
, N.
, Prathap
, C.
, and Kumar
, S.
, 2018
, “A Comprehensive Review of Measurements and Data Analysis of Laminar Burning Velocities for Various Fuel+Air Mixtures
,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci.
, 68
, pp. 197
–267
. 10.1016/j.pecs.2018.05.00371.
Chong
, C. T.
, and Hochgreb
, S.
, 2011
, “Measurements of Laminar Flame Speeds of Liquid Fuels: Jet-A1, Diesel, Palm Methyl Esters and Blends Using Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV)
,” Proc. Combust. Inst.
, 33
(1
), pp. 979
–986
. 10.1016/j.proci.2010.05.10672.
Cao
, D. N.
, Hoang
, A. T.
, Luu
, H. Q.
, Bui
, V. G.
, and Tran
, T. T. H.
, 2020
, “Effects of Injection Pressure on the NOx and PM Emission Control of Diesel Engine: A Review Under the Aspect of PCCI Combustion Condition
,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff.
10.1080/15567036.2020.175453173.
Tse
, S. D.
, Zhu
, D. L.
, and Law
, C. K.
, 2000
, “Morphology and Burning Rates of Expanding Spherical Flames in H2/O2/Inert Mixtures Up to 60 Atmospheres
,” Proc. Combust. Inst.
, 28
(2
), pp. 1793
–1800
. 10.1016/S0082-0784(00)80581-074.
Williams
, F. A.
, 2018
, Combustion Theory
, CRC Press
, Boca Raton, FL.75.
Ma
, X.
, Xu
, H.
, Jiang
, C.
, and Shuai
, S.
, 2014
, “Ultra-High Speed Imaging and OH-LIF Study of DMF and MF Combustion in a DISI Optical Engine
,” Appl. Energy
, 122
, pp. 247
–260
. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.01.07176.
Ma
, X.
, Jiang
, C.
, Xu
, H.
, and Richardson
, S.
, 2012
, “In-Cylinder Optical Study on Combustion of DMF and DMF Fuel Blends
,” SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-1235.77.
Gillespie
, F. R.
, 2014
, An Experimental and Modelling Study of the Combustion of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons
, National University of Ireland
, Galway, Ireland
.78.
Roy
, S.
, Zare
, S.
, and Askari
, O.
, 2019
, “Understanding the Effect of Oxygenated Additives on Combustion Characteristics of Gasoline
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 141
(2
), p. 022205
. 10.1115/1.404131679.
Yin
, C.
, and Yan
, J.
, 2016
, “Oxy-Fuel Combustion of Pulverized Fuels: Combustion Fundamentals and Modeling
,” Appl. Energy
, 162
, pp. 742
–762
. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.14980.
Xie
, Y.
, and Li
, Q.
, 2019
, “Effect of the Initial Pressures on Evolution of Intrinsically Unstable Hydrogen/Air Premixed Flame Fronts
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
, 44
(31
), pp. 17030
–17040
. 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.04.22081.
Jomaas
, G.
, Law
, C. K.
, and Bechtold
, J. K.
, 2007
, “On Transition to Cellularity in Expanding Spherical Flames
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 583
, pp. 1
–26
. 10.1017/S002211200700588582.
Wu
, F.
, Jomaas
, G.
, and Law
, C. K.
, 2013
, “An Experimental Investigation on Self-Acceleration of Cellular Spherical Flames
,” Proc. Combust. Inst.
, 34
(1
), pp. 937
–945
. 10.1016/j.proci.2012.05.06883.
Egolfopoulos
, F. N.
, Hansen
, N.
, Ju
, Y.
, Kohse-Höinghaus
, K.
, Law
, C. K.
, and Qi
, F.
, 2014
, “Advances and Challenges in Laminar Flame Experiments and Implications for Combustion Chemistry
,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci.
, 43
, pp. 36
–67
. 10.1016/j.pecs.2014.04.00484.
Law
, C. K.
, Jomaas
, G.
, and Bechtold
, J. K.
, 2005
, “Cellular Instabilities of Expanding Hydrogen/Propane Spherical Flames at Elevated Pressures: Theory and Experiment
,” Proc. Combust. Inst.
, 30
(1
), pp. 159
–167
. 10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.26685.
Giannakopoulos
, G. K.
, Gatzoulis
, A.
, Frouzakis
, C. E.
, Matalon
, M.
, and Tomboulides
, A. G.
, 2015
, “Consistent Definitions of ‘Flame Displacement Speed’ and ‘Markstein Length’ for Premixed Flame Propagation
,” Combust. Flame
, 162
(4
), pp. 1249
–1264
. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.10.01586.
Tang
, C.
, Zhang
, Y.
, and Huang
, Z.
, 2014
, “Progress in Combustion Investigations of Hydrogen Enriched Hydrocarbons
,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.
, 30
, pp. 195
–216
. 10.1016/j.rser.2013.10.00587.
Yu
, G.
, Askari
, O.
, and Metghalchi
, H.
, 2018
, “Theoretical Prediction of the Effect of Blending JP-8 With Syngas on the Ignition Delay Time and Laminar Burning Speed
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 140
(1
), p. 012204
. 10.1115/1.403737688.
Somers
, K. P.
, Simmie
, J. M.
, Metcalfe
, W. K.
, and Curran
, H. J.
, 2014
, “The Pyrolysis of 2-Methylfuran: A Quantum Chemical, Statistical Rate Theory and Kinetic Modelling Study
,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
, 16
(11
), pp. 5349
–5367
. 10.1039/c3cp54915a89.
Liu
, D.
, Togbé
, C.
, Tran
, L.-S.
, Felsmann
, D.
, Oßwald
, P.
, Nau
, P.
, Koppmann
, J.
, Lackner
, A.
, Glaude
, P.-A.
, Sirjean
, B.
, Fournet
, R.
, Battin-Leclerc
, F.
, and Kohse-Höinghaus
, K.
, 2014
, “Combustion Chemistry and Flame Structure of Furan Group Biofuels Using Molecular-Beam Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography—Part I: Furan
,” Combust. Flame
, 161
(3
), pp. 748
–765
. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.05.02890.
Eldeeb
, M. A.
, and Akih-Kumgeh
, B.
, 2014
, “Reactivity Trends in Furan and Alkyl Furan Combustion
,” Energy Fuels
, 28
(10
), pp. 6618
–6626
. 10.1021/ef501181z91.
Di
, H.
, He
, X.
, Zhang
, P.
, Wang
, Z.
, Wooldridge
, M. S.
, Law
, C. K.
, Wang
, C.
, Shuai
, S.
, and Wang
, J.
, 2014
, “Effects of Buffer Gas Composition on Low Temperature Ignition of Iso-Octane and n-Heptane
,” Combust. Flame
, 161
(10
), pp. 2531
–2538
. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.04.01492.
Mansfield
, A. B.
, Wooldridge
, M. S.
, Di
, H.
, and He
, X.
, 2015
, “Low-Temperature Ignition Behavior of Iso-Octane
,” Fuel
, 139
, pp. 79
–86
. 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.08.01993.
AlAbbad
, M.
, Javed
, T.
, Khaled
, F.
, Badra
, J.
, and Farooq
, A.
, 2017
, “Ignition Delay Time Measurements of Primary Reference Fuel Blends
,” Combust. Flame
, 178
, pp. 205
–216
. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.12.02794.
Yuan
, W.
, Li
, Y.
, Dagaut
, P.
, Yang
, J.
, and Qi
, F.
, 2015
, “Investigation on the Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Toluene Over a Wide Range Conditions. I. Flow Reactor Pyrolysis and Jet Stirred Reactor Oxidation
,” Combust. Flame
, 162
(1
), pp. 3
–21
. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.07.00995.
Murakami
, Y.
, Oguchi
, T.
, Hashimoto
, K.
, and Nosaka
, Y.
, 2007
, “Theoretical Study of the Benzyl+ O2 Reaction: Kinetics, Mechanism, and Product Branching Ratios
,” J. Phys. Chem. A
, 111
(50
), pp. 13200
–13208
. 10.1021/jp075369q96.
Metcalfe
, W. K.
, Dooley
, S.
, and Dryer
, F. L.
, 2011
, “Comprehensive Detailed Chemical Kinetic Modeling Study of Toluene Oxidation
,” Energy Fuels
, 25
(11
), pp. 4915
–4936
. 10.1021/ef200900q97.
Yuan
, W.
, Li
, Y.
, Pengloan
, G.
, Togbé
, C.
, Dagaut
, P.
, and Qi
, F.
, 2016
, “A Comprehensive Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study of Ethylbenzene Combustion
,” Combust. Flame
, 166
, pp. 255
–265
. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.01.02698.
Roubaud
, A.
, Minetti
, R.
, and Sochet
, L. R.
, 2000
, “Oxidation and Combustion of Low Alkylbenzenes at High Pressure: Comparative Reactivity and Auto-Ignition
,” Combust. Flame
, 121
(3
), pp. 535
–541
. 10.1016/S0010-2180(99)00169-899.
Mittal
, G.
, Chaos
, M.
, Sung
, C.-J.
, and Dryer
, F. L.
, 2008
, “Dimethyl Ether Autoignition in a Rapid Compression Machine: Experiments and Chemical Kinetic Modeling
,” Fuel Process. Technol.
, 89
(12
), pp. 1244
–1254
. 10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.05.021100.
Weber
, B. W.
, Kumar
, K.
, Zhang
, Y.
, and Sung
, C.-J.
, 2011
, “Autoignition of n-Butanol at Elevated Pressure and Low-to-Intermediate Temperature
,” Combust. Flame
, 158
(5
), pp. 809
–819
. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.02.005101.
Mittal
, G.
, and Sung
, C.-J.
, 2007
, “Autoignition of Toluene and Benzene at Elevated Pressures in a Rapid Compression Machine
,” Combust. Flame
, 150
(4
), pp. 355
–368
. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.04.014102.
Sirjean
, B.
, and Fournet
, R.
, 2013
, “Unimolecular Decomposition of 2, 5-Dimethylfuran: A Theoretical Chemical Kinetic Study
,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
, 15
(2
), pp. 596
–611
. 10.1039/C2CP41927K103.
Curran
, H. J.
, Gaffuri
, P.
, Pitz
, W. J.
, and Westbrook
, C. K.
, 1998
, “A Comprehensive Modeling Study of n-Heptane Oxidation
,” Combust. Flame
, 114
(1–2
), pp. 149
–177
. 10.1016/S0010-2180(97)00282-4104.
Weber
, B. W.
, and Sung
, C.-J.
, 2013
, “Comparative Autoignition Trends in Butanol Isomers at Elevated Pressure
,” Energy Fuels
, 27
(3
), pp. 1688
–1698
. 10.1021/ef302195cCopyright © 2020 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
