Fig. 1 An illustration of the test network used for the computational study. Here, the (orange) triangle represents the steam plant, the (maroon) rhombi represent loads, the (black) squares represent pumps, and the (black) edges represent co-located pipes that carry outgoing steam and return water... More about this image found in An illustration of the test network used for the computational study. Here,...

Fig. 2 Baseline scenario: optimal physical temperature, pressure, and flow solution: ( a ) outgoing temperatures, ( b ) outgoing pressures and flows, ( c ) returning temperatures, and ( d ) returning pressures More about this image found in Baseline scenario: optimal physical temperature, pressure, and flow solutio...

Fig. 3 Scenario 1: change in steam pressures (at junctions) and flowrates (at edges) relative to those in the baseline scenario More about this image found in Scenario 1: change in steam pressures (at junctions) and flowrates (at edge...

Fig. 4 Scenario 1: increase in the outgoing temperatures at junction 40 with respect to the baseline scenario More about this image found in Scenario 1: increase in the outgoing temperatures at junction 40 with respe...

Fig. 5 Change in optimal plant operating parameters resulting from a uniform network-wide increase in thermal load. The dotted (red) and solid (blue) lines indicate the plant output temperature and through-flow, respectively, and data point labels in parenthesis indicate the thermal energy in mega... More about this image found in Change in optimal plant operating parameters resulting from a uniform netwo...

Fig. 6 Scenario 2: locational pressures and flows in the outgoing system More about this image found in Scenario 2: locational pressures and flows in the outgoing system

Fig. 7 Scenario 3: locational pressures and flows in the outgoing system More about this image found in Scenario 3: locational pressures and flows in the outgoing system

Fig. 8 Results of scenario 4 compared to those of scenario 3. Specifically, the edge color depicts the change in the flowrate and the node color depicts the percent of thermal load demand that is unmet. More about this image found in Results of scenario 4 compared to those of scenario 3. Specifically, the ed...

Fig. 1 Minimum stable signal line More about this image found in Minimum stable signal line